Supernova Explosions Observed: Extragalactic Supernovae

• SN 1994D
• SN 2014J
• SN 2016adj
• SN 2017eaw
• SN 2018ivc

Supernova Explosions Observed: SN 1987A

• before/after
• HST rings: time evolution
• neutrinos detected by Kamiokande
• progenitor
• explosion
• light curve: summarized in Bouchet+ (1991)
• light echos here, here and here
• rings: collision stills from HST, movies from HST, Chandra
• inner blast movie: HST
• ALMA 3D movie of dust and molecules
• neutrinos: detected by Kamiokande (Hirata+ 1987) and IMB (Bionta+ 1987) neutrino curve
• 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics:
  Masatoshi Koshiba and Kamiokande

Supernovae Observed: Remnants

• remanants -- Veil nebula: zoom out, in, and further in; Vela nebula composite
• Heavy element synthesis: observed in Cas A; the circle, the circle of life; we are made of star-stuff
• radioactivity: ⁴⁴Tii and ²⁶Al

Supernova Nucleosynthesis

• modelling strategies
• explosive nucleosynthesis
• supernova yields: compared to solar (Sukhbold+ 2016)

Nearby Supernovae: Damage and Detection

• threat: ionizing radiation and ozone damage
• signature: live radioactivity deposit by blast
• evidence: ⁶⁰Fe pulse in deep ocean crusts, the Moon, and Antarctic snow