Changing Gears: From Inner Space to Outer Space

Inventory and History of Cosmic Matter

• so far: assembled data and tools
  • data: Solar system isotopic abundances
  • data: Local Neighborhood abundances
  • tools: nuclear physics, e.g., binding energies
• Putting them together--Nucleosynthesis: the origin of the elements
• Annus mirabilis 1957: nuclear physics "processes" identified
  • Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler, and Hoyle (1957): B²FH
  • Cameron (1957)

Cosmology

Where are the Galaxies: Structure of the Universe

• cosmological principle: homogeneous & isotropic
• actual data: 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
  • survey geometry
  • results
• more data: SDSS

Galaxy Motion Relative to Us

• Hubble's law (1929): orignal paper, modern update: HST Key Project, Freedman+ (2001), Hubble diagram
• Hubble motion: artist's conception

The Expansion of the Universe

• demanded by homogeneity and isotropy
• scale factor
• raisin cake analogy
  balloon analogy