Cosmic Kinematics: Galaxy Motion Relative to Us

• Hubble's law (1929): orignal paper, modern update: HST Key Project, Freedman+ (2001), Hubble diagram
• Hubble motion: artist's conception

The Expansion of the Universe

• demanded by homogeneity and isotropy
• scale factor
• raisin cake analogy
  balloon analogy

Expansion and Redshifts

• expansion and densities
• cosmological redshifts
• spectroscopically confirmed recordholder (Oesch+ 2016)