Overview of Stellar Structure and Evolution

Solar Models

• Hydrogen burning:
  
  • pp-I
  • pp-II
  • pp-III
  • CNO cycle
• Bahcall-Pinsonneault 2000/2004 standard solar model
  neutrino production vs radius

Solar Neutrino Experiments

• Radiochemical experiments
  • The pioneer: Ray Davis and the Homestake Mine experiment
  • GALLEX experiment (Gran Sasso, Italy)
• Scattering (water Cerenkov) experiments
  • Super-Kamiokande (Japan)
    beautiful high-energy atmospheric neutrino event;
    grungier low-energy solar neutrino event
    Super-K neutrino image of the Sun
  • Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) (Canada); detector image
• The 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics

The (Former) Solar Neutrino Problem

• The problem: ⁸B electron-neutrino deficit
• The solution: SNO measures the
  flux of all ⁸B neutrinos, and the
  spectrum of ⁸B electron-neutrinos
• The implications
  • new neutrino physics needed!
  • SSM bang on!
• The laboratory test: KamLAND experiment
  results
• Borexino (⁷Be neutrinos, and now pp too!)
• the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics
• Future experiments: Sanford Underground Research Facility