The (Former) Solar Neutrino Problem

• The problem: ⁸B electron-neutrino deficit
• The solution: SNO measures the
  flux of all ⁸B neutrinos, and the
  spectrum of ⁸B electron-neutrinos
• The implications
  • new neutrino physics needed!
  • SSM bang on!
• The laboratory test: KamLAND experiment
  results
• Borexino (⁷Be neutrinos, and now pp too!)
• the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics
• Future experiments: Sanford Underground Research Facility

Supernova Nucleosynthesis

Type II (Massive/Collapse): Pre-Supernova Evolution

• demographics and basic properites
• portraits: Orion, zoom to Trapezium
• Hydrostatic nucleosynthesis
• He thru O burning
  a tidy onion? not! not!
• NSE and Si burning
• Explosive Nucleosynthesis
• burning results laid bare: Cas A elemental, and in ⁴⁴Ti

Core Collapse and Explosion

1. collapse
2. bounce
3. a miracle occurs
4. explosion!

Supernova Neutrinos

• neutronization
• thermal emission